1 We Catholics believe in the Trinity because it is the essence of divine revelation and the foundation of our faith. The doctrine of the Trinity teaches that there is one God in three Persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Each of these Persons is distinct but shares the same divine substance, meaning they are coeternal and consubstantial. Numerous biblical passages illustrate this reality. In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus instructs his disciples to baptize 'in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit' (Mt 28:19). This passage clearly expresses the unity and distinction of the three divine Persons, affirming their coeternity and divinity.
Another biblical example is found in the Gospel of John, where Jesus declares: 'I and the Father are one' (Jn 10:30). This statement highlights the unity between the Father and the Son, while in other moments Jesus speaks of the sending of the Holy Spirit, as in John 14:26, where He promises that the Father will send the Paraclete, the Holy Spirit, in His name. These texts show the perfect interaction and communion between the three divine Persons, reinforcing why Catholics believe in the Trinity.
In addition to Scripture, Catholic tradition is another pillar of this belief. From the earliest centuries, Church councils affirmed the Trinitarian doctrine. The Council of Nicaea (325 AD) was a milestone, declaring the consubstantiality of the Son with the Father, combating heresies that denied Christ's divinity. Later, the Council of Constantinople (381 AD) added clarification about the Holy Spirit, affirming that He 'proceeds from the Father and the Son,' as stated in John 15:26, where Jesus explains that the Spirit proceeds from the Father and will be sent in His name. These formulations solidified Catholic belief in the Trinity as a central truth of faith.
The mystery of the Trinity, though difficult to fully comprehend, is accepted by faith because it was revealed by God. The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches that 'the mystery of the Most Holy Trinity is the central mystery of Christian faith and life' (CCC 234). This means that the entire structure of Catholic faith, from creation to redemption and sanctification, is rooted in the communion of the three divine Persons. Catholics believe in the Trinity as a model of perfect unity and love, an example to be lived in the ecclesial community and human relationships.
